Intussusception
Intussusception is the most common cause of acute bowel obstruction in children under 2. Ultrasound is diagnostic. RadCall covers target sign criteria, lead point assessment, and the fluoroscopic or pneumatic reduction technique and success criteria.
- Target sign on US — layers, measurement criteria
- Pseudokidney sign — longitudinal US appearance
- Lead point — lymphoma, Meckel, polyp (older children)
- Ileocolic vs small bowel — US differentiation
- Pneumatic reduction — technique, contraindications
- Reduction success — complete return of air to terminal ileum
- Adult intussusception — lead point almost always present
- Post-reduction imaging — delayed repeat US indications
Non-Accidental Trauma
Non-accidental trauma (NAT) requires a systematic radiologic approach. RadCall covers the ACR skeletal survey protocol, injury patterns highly specific for abuse (posterior rib fractures, classic metaphyseal lesions, subdural hematomas), and the required reporting language.
- Skeletal survey — ACR protocol, views required
- Posterior rib fractures — highest specificity for NAT
- Classic metaphyseal lesion — "corner" or "bucket handle"
- Subdural hematoma — interhemispheric, bilateral
- Dating fractures — acute vs healing (limitations)
- Retinal hemorrhages — clinical correlation
- Occult fractures — follow-up skeletal survey at 2 weeks
- Reporting language — neutral, objective, mandatory reporting
Pediatric Hip Conditions
- SCFE — Klein's line, epiphyseal slip grade
- SCFE — unstable vs stable, urgent orthopedic referral
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes — avascular necrosis, staging
- Developmental dysplasia — Graf classification on US
- Toxic synovitis vs septic arthritis — US and Kocher criteria
- Hip effusion — US-guided aspiration indications
- Transient synovitis — exclusion of infection
- Femoral neck stress fracture in adolescents
Peds ER — Acute Conditions
- Appendicitis — US and CT, Alvarado in peds
- Swallowed foreign body — coin vs battery, lodgment
- Inhaled foreign body — asymmetric aeration, decubitus CXR
- Pyloric stenosis — US criteria: muscle thickness, channel length
- Malrotation and midgut volvulus — US and UGI series
- Necrotizing enterocolitis — pneumatosis, portal gas, CXR
- Hirschsprung disease — contrast enema, transition zone
- Peds pneumonia — round pneumonia, follow-up criteria